In this paper we assess the determinants of secondary school outcomes in South Africa. We use Bayesian Averaging Model techniques to account for uncertainty in the set of underlying factors that are chosen among a very large pool of explanatory variables in order to minimize the risk of omitted variable bias.

By participating more effectively in the global production of goods and services, Africa can transform its economy and achieve a development breakthrough, according to the latest African Economic Outlook, released at the African Development Bank Group’s Annual Meetings.

With Africa’s population set to double by 2050, modernising local economies will be vital to make the continent more competitive and to increase people’s living standards, according to the African Economic Outlook 2015, released at the African Development Bank Group’s 50th Annual Meetings.

South Africa has made impressive social progress over the past two decades, lifting millions of people out of poverty and broadening access to essential services like water, electricity and sanitation.

The South African economy has registered tremendous progress over the past two decades, boosting living standards and lifting millions out of poverty nationwide.

Lowering high levels of unemployment and inequality are amongst the largest challenges facing South Africa.

Deepening regional integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) will raise potential growth for all member countries.

Growth is projected to reach 1.5% in 2018 after many years below one percent or negative in per capita terms. Low growth and high unemployment have adversely affected the well-being of South Africans. Since 2010, inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient at 0.62, has almost stagnated withering the social contract in a context of policy mistrust.

Imports in South Africa decreased to 94197.40 ZAR Million in March from 95451.41 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports in South Africa averaged 20461.56 ZAR Million from 1957 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 125717.29 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 66.10 ZAR Million in September of 1961. South Africa main imports are: machinery (23.5 percent of total imports), mineral products (15.1 percent), vehicles and aircraft vessels (10 percent), chemicals (10.9 percent), equipment components (8.1 percent) and iron and steel products (5.3 percent). Main trading partners are: China (18.3 percent), Germany (11.5 percent), United States (6.6 percent), India (4.7 percent), Saudi Arabia (4.6 percent) and Japan (3.4 percent). Others include: the UK, Thailand, Italy and France. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Core consumer prices in South Africa increased 3.70 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Core Inflation Rate in South Africa averaged 4.93 percent from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8.30 percent in May of 2009 and a record low of 2.90 percent in January of 2011. In South Africa, core consumer prices measure a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods, excluding volatile items such as food and non-alcoholic beverages, fuel and energy. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Core Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In response to increasing pressure to deliver on growth, jobs and better governance, policy makers from MENA and OECD reiterated their support for measures to strengthen the business climate and governance in the region.

This report assesses progress in the implementation of regulatory policy within the MENA region and highlights good practices from Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority and Tunisia.

The report "Regulatory Reform in the Middle East and North Africa" assesses progress in the implementation of regulatory policy within the MENA region and highlights good practices from Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority and Tunisia.

Meeting focusing on challenges on gender sensitive policies and gender budgeting in MENA region. Delegates will also discuss the progress to date on legal reforms in advancing gender equality and promoting women’s political participation in the region.

Reforms over the past two decades have produced a well-balanced, modern tax system. However, considerable revenues will be needed in the years ahead to expand social spending and infrastructure in order to raise growth and well-being. The challenge is to generate these revenues without penalising growth or exacerbating inequality.

Middle Eastern and North African countries should reform the governance of their state-owned enterprises to bring about greater public accountability and improve their efficiency, according to a new OECD report.

SOEs are an important feature of the economic landscape in the MENA region. This report examines their contribution to industrial development, diversification, poverty elimination and the provision of goods and services. It assesses ownership and governance practices and makes recommendations to policymakers, managers and boards.

This paper examines key developments in public and private corporate governance enforcement in the Middle East and North Africa region, highlighting the growing level of public enforcement as expertise within the securities regulators grows and providing policy recommendations on specific aspects of governance frameworks.

26-27 November 2014 – Lusaka, Zambia: This meeting focused on combating corruption and promoting responsible business conduct in SOEs and was followed by a workshop on the governance of SOEs operating in the power generation industry. Participants launched and adopted the Guidelines on the Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Southern Africa.

24-25 November 2015 – Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe: This meeting featured discussions on recent state-owned enterprise reforms across Southern African economies. It also included the presentation of a draft handbook on ethics and business integrity for use by governments as owners and by state-owned enterprises.

This regional network for policy dialogue on corporate governance provides a platform for discussing corporate governance priorities in the Middle East North Africa region, sharing best practices and evaluating their implementation.

Imports from Africa in Brazil decreased to 323 USD Million in April from 412.34 USD Million in March of 2020. Imports from Africa in Brazil averaged 636.32 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2010.67 USD Million in July of 2014 and a record low of 176.15 USD Million in November of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Imports from Africa.

Exports to Africa in Brazil decreased to 541 USD Million in April from 654.80 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports to Africa in Brazil averaged 589.87 USD Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1350.42 USD Million in August of 2011 and a record low of 64.43 USD Million in January of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports to Africa.

Household Saving Rate in South Africa decreased to -0.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from -0.10 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Personal Savings in South Africa averaged 4.69 percent from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 23.80 percent in the second quarter of 1972 and a record low of -2.50 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013. In South Africa, household saving ratio refers to the income saved by household during a certain period of time. Based on current prices. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Households Savings - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Money Supply M2 in South Africa increased to 3233262 ZAR Million in March from 3039985 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Money Supply M2 in South Africa averaged 644255.77 ZAR Million from 1965 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3233262 ZAR Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 2887 ZAR Million in March of 1965. South Africa Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Money Supply M2 - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Loans To Private Sector in Central African Republic increased to 120.10 XOF Billion in July from 112.50 XOF Billion in June of 2014. Loans To Private Sector in Central African Republic averaged 84.86 XOF Billion from 2005 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 142.20 XOF Billion in January of 2013 and a record low of 49.30 XOF Billion in May of 2005. Loans To Private Sector in Central African Republic is reported by the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO). This page provides - Central African Republic Loans To Private Sector - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Loans to Private Sector in South Africa increased to 4003046 ZAR Million in March from 3877700 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Loans to Private Sector in South Africa averaged 812851.76 ZAR Million from 1965 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4003046 ZAR Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 4051 ZAR Million in April of 1966. In South Africa, Loans to Private Sector refers to credit extended to the domestic private sector. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Loans to Private Sector - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Crude Oil Production in South Africa remained unchanged at 1 BBL/D/1K in December from 1 BBL/D/1K in November of 2019. Crude Oil Production in South Africa averaged 14.42 BBL/D/1K from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 58 BBL/D/1K in November of 2003 and a record low of 1 BBL/D/1K in September of 2018. This page provides - South Africa Crude Oil Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Wages High Skilled in South Africa increased to 22600 ZAR/Month in 2018 from 20300 ZAR/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in South Africa averaged 20500 ZAR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 22600 ZAR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 19000 ZAR/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Industrial Production in South Africa decreased 2 percent in January of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in South Africa averaged 0.91 percent from 1974 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 18.50 percent in May of 1995 and a record low of -23.20 percent in April of 2009. In South Africa, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in the manufacturing sector of the economy. This page provides - South Africa Industrial Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Electricity Production in South Africa increased to 20093 Gigawatt-hour in March from 19414 Gigawatt-hour in February of 2020. Electricity Production in South Africa averaged 18035.58 Gigawatt-hour from 1985 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 23801 Gigawatt-hour in July of 2007 and a record low of 10439 Gigawatt-hour in February of 1985. This page provides - South Africa Electricity Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in South Africa increased 2.50 percent in January of 2020 over the previous month. Industrial Production Mom in South Africa averaged 0.10 percent from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9.10 percent in April of 1991 and a record low of -8.70 percent in August of 1992. In South Africa, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in the manufacturing sector of the economy. This page provides - South Africa Industrial Production MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

GDP From Transport in South Africa decreased to 266439.80 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 271489.94 ZAR Million in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Transport in South Africa averaged 193281.23 ZAR Million from 1993 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 278622.84 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2018 and a record low of 89068.60 ZAR Million in the first quarter of 1993. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Gdp From Transport - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Business Confidence in South Africa decreased to 18 points in the first quarter of 2020 from 26 points in the fourth quarter of 2019. Business Confidence in South Africa averaged 43.29 points from 1975 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 92 points in the third quarter of 1980 and a record low of 12 points in the fourth quarter of 1977. In South Africa, the BER Business Confidence Index covers 1,400 business people in the building sector, 1,400 in the trade sector and 1,000 in manufacturing. The survey assesses the level of optimism that senior executives in the companies have about current and expected developments regarding sales, orders, employment, inventories and selling prices. The index varies on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 indicates an extreme lack of confidence, 50 neutrality and 100 extreme confidence. This page provides - South Africa Business Confidence - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

South Africa Government Bond Yield 10Y was 9.29 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the South Africa Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 20.69 in August of 1998. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.

South Africa recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 6.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Budget in South Africa averaged -3.43 percent of GDP from 1989 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1 percent of GDP in 2007 and a record low of -7.40 percent of GDP in 1992. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - South Africa Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in South Africa increased to 9.49 percent in March from 5.09 percent in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in South Africa averaged 13.60 percent from 1966 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 35.88 percent in July of 1981 and a record low of -2.35 percent in May of 1966. Private sector credit measures year over year change in the bank lending to domestic private sector. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Private Sector Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Youth Unemployment Rate in South Africa decreased to 58.10 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 58.20 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Youth Unemployment Rate in South Africa averaged 52.84 percent from 2013 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 58.20 percent in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 48.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2014. This page provides - South Africa Youth Unemployment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Import Prices in South Africa increased to 156.30 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 155.60 points in the third quarter of 2019. Import Prices in South Africa averaged 42.60 points from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 156.60 points in the fourth quarter of 2018 and a record low of 1.20 points in the second quarter of 1960. In South Africa, Import Prices correspond to the rate of change in the prices of goods and services purchased by residents of that country from, and supplied by, foreign sellers. Import Prices are heavily affected by exchange rates. This page provides - South Africa Import Prices - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in South Africa increased to 34.30 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 34.10 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in South Africa averaged 37.81 percent of GDP from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 43.90 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2008 and a record low of 33.10 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2017. This page provides - South Africa Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Corporate Tax Rate in South Africa stands at 28 percent. Corporate Tax Rate in South Africa averaged 32.98 percent from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 37.80 percent in 2002 and a record low of 28 percent in 2013. In South Africa, the Corporate Income tax rate is a tax collected from companies. Its amount is based on the net income companies obtain while exercising their business activity, normally during one business year. The benchmark we use refers to the highest rate for Corporate Income. Revenues from the Corporate Tax Rate are an important source of income for the government of South Africa. This page provides - South Africa Corporate Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Producer Prices in South Africa increased 4.50 percent in February of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Producer Prices Change in South Africa averaged 5.50 percent from 2013 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8.80 percent in April of 2014 and a record low of 2.30 percent in November of 2018. In South Africa, Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Producer Prices Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The inflation rate in South Africa was recorded at 4.10 percent in March of 2020. Inflation Rate in South Africa averaged 8.92 percent from 1968 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 20.70 percent in January of 1986 and a record low of 0.20 percent in January of 2004. In South Africa, the most important categories in the consumer price index are Housing and Utilities (24.5 percent of total weight), Transport (16.4 percent) and Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (15.4 percent). Others include: Miscellaneous Goods and Services such as personal care, Insurance and Finance (14.7 percent); Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco (5.4 percent); Household Contents, Equipment and Maintenance (4.8 percent); Recreation and Culture (4.1 percent); Clothing and Footwear (4.1 percent). Restaurants and Hotels, Education, Communication and Health account for the remaining 10 percent. The CPI basket was revised in January of 2013. This page provides - South Africa Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Manufacturing PMI in South Africa decreased to 46.10 points in April from 48.10 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in South Africa averaged 50.75 points from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 57.89 points in March of 2007 and a record low of 38.38 points in April of 2009. The Absa Manufacturing PMI is a monthly survey of purchasing managers in South Africa's manufacturing sector. The index provides leading indications of business conditions in the sector. A reading above 50 percent indicates that the manufacturing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally declining. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

South Africa recorded a government debt equivalent to 62.20 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Debt to GDP in South Africa averaged 41.45 percent from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 62.20 percent in 2019 and a record low of 27.80 percent in 2008. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - South Africa Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Consumer Price Index in South Africa increased 0.30 percent in March of 2020 over the previous month. Inflation Rate Mom in South Africa averaged 0.64 percent from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6.70 percent in April of 1964 and a record low of -0.70 percent in October of 2003. Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services. This page provides - South Africa Inflation Rate Mom - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Bank Lending Rate in South Africa remained unchanged at 7.75 percent in April from 7.75 percent in April of 2020. Bank Lending Rate in South Africa averaged 12.24 percent from 1957 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 25.50 percent in August of 1998 and a record low of 5.50 percent in December of 1962. In South Africa, the bank lending rate refers to commercial banks prime overdraft rate. It is a benchmark rate priced at 3.5 basis points above the repurchase rate and it is used by banks to price the lending rates offered to clients at either above or below the benchmark rate. This page provides - South Africa Prime Overdraft Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Wages Low Skilled in South Africa increased to 4380 ZAR/Month in 2018 from 3960 ZAR/Month in 2017. Wages Low Skilled in South Africa averaged 4095 ZAR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4380 ZAR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 3840 ZAR/Month in 2015. Low Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing low-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Imports from Africa in Indonesia decreased to 363.95 USD Million in February from 416.99 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports from Africa in Indonesia averaged 371.97 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 686.04 USD Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 151.13 USD Million in February of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for Indonesia Imports from Africa.

Exports to Africa in Indonesia increased to 417.90 USD Million in February from 307.99 USD Million in January of 2020. Exports to Africa in Indonesia averaged 268.44 USD Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 666 USD Million in November of 2011 and a record low of 50.80 USD Million in February of 1998. This page includes a chart with historical data for Indonesia Exports to Africa.